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What do You Imply by Internet Hosting

With Online selling and online search engine optimization (Search engine marketing) now very important elements to owning a business site, most internet designers are including Web optimization to their arsenal of functions.

The issue is the fact the majority of these self-proclaimed SEO/web designers are unsuccessful to fully realize the complete picture of natural and organic Website positioning. The tips to properly optimize a website are dramatically evolving. And although anybody can do keyword examine and compose meta tags and website page duplicate, a large number of web-site designers pass up the mark with Search engine optimization using a site's back-end.

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Research Helpful CMS

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Back-End Code Structure

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Will Health Care Exchanges Provide Affordable Individual Health ...

Now the election has passed, does this mean affordable family health insurance for all? The intention of reform is to provide precisely this, but in truth it could be much more difficult than originally anticipated. Firstly, each state desires to implement a health insurance exchange in the approaching months, which will provide access to affordable family health insurance for all US residents. Fed. funding and assistance will be supplied to these exchanges. Whether personal insurance companies will be allowed into the exchange to offer affordable family health insurance options as well has still to be seen, but many major carriers are struggling for the opportunity to join the exchanges.

The final objective of the health insurance exchanges and medicare reform in total is to make certain that everybody has accessibility to reasonable individual medical insurance. There are currently millions who are either uninsured because they cannot afford or qualify for affordable individual health insurance, and face going without critical care or facing intense hospital bills. The hope is that by offering health insurance to all suitable US citizens, this is often evaded.

The guideline in regards to what the plan structure will be is divided into four levels; bronze, silver, gold, and platinum. There can also be a ?Cadillac plan? also , but rates and plan benefits aren't predicted to be released till June 2013. Will the exchange really provide coverage that's obtainable for most people? With the offering of subsidies to help to counterbalance the premiums, it is anticipated that all can secure affordable family health insurance coverage for themselves, and their families.

For those not wishing to purchase health insurance via the exchange, they might have the choice to purchase health insurance through a private insurer, or go without. By not enrolling , however , these people will face penalties of either a share of their income or a flat dollar amount per year. Some may come to a decision to forbear the so-called affordable individual health insurance and take the penalty, as the premiums could be more than the penalty. This can lead to an overflow of only sick folk enrolling via the exchange, and driving up the cost of care. Many folks fear this eventuality, and say that this will only drive the premiums higher, making a deadly cycle.

Fans feel that people will embrace the exchange, though it could take some getting used to. With guidance from brokers and others trained in the plan structures and enrollment axioms, it's expected this will be a nice thing for our citizens. With everybody able to get medical care for even the most basic preventive services it is anticipated that this can have a serious impact on our country's general fitness. Without reference to how one feels about medicare reform and health insurance exchanges, it is approaching on the near horizon and should be understood.

DanielAbrams is the founder of Insuresaver Insurance Firm and has been helping people find affordable individual health insurance for over 30 years.

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3 Keys to Holiday Health, Joy & Meaning? (Kick Sugar Addiction ...

The holidays are officially here with the celebration of Thanksgiving, the official kick-off for the holiday season. Like many, you may have mixed feelings of joyous expectation on the one hand, and dread on the other wishing you could ?enjoy? the holidays this year without stalling your healthy-eating and exercise goals ??or feeling emotionally drained by the demands and expectations of family and the season.

Perhaps you?ve worked hard to build your esteem and confidence, and now the thought of meeting one or more of your relatives at gatherings fills you with self-doubt. Or maybe you set health and fitness goals at the start of the year, mustered up the energy by Spring, and finally got into a comfortable rhythm in the last few months. (If so, you likely feel the difference, limber and love it ??the energy, vitality and sense of wellbeing, not to mention a clean bill of health, perhaps the first time in years!)

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In any case, starting with Thanksgiving Day, you find yourself wanting to get off of the yearly ?here we go again? roller coaster ride.

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There?s good reason to believe you can get off this roller coaster, knowing what we do about our amazing brains! The realization of any goal, however, necessitates that we are fully?present?in mind and body, and one life-harming thing that holiday gatherings have in common is a plethora of food and drink doused with sugar ?? a seemingly harmless substance, now proven a toxic mind-altering drug, as addictive as cocaine and heroine.

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How serious is the problem?

  • Like it or not, ?humans are genetically programmed to like sugar,? states Dr. Hyman. The availability of processed sugar makes it possible to eat sugar in quantities unimaginable in any previous period in history.
  • ?If you eat sugar, there?s a good chance you?re addicted to it,? notes Dr. Joseph Mercola, M.D. Quite literally, your brain on sugar is your brain in its ?most unhappy of pleasures?! Now that?s a problem.
  • Persons under the influence of sugar are predisposed to poor decision-making, and arguably, more vulnerable to other addictions as well. Findings show, a link between sugar cravings and alcoholism, for example.
  • Professor and director of pediatrics at the University of California Dr. Robert Lustig writes in?The Atlantic:??? the war on drugs has taken a back seat ? because a different war has cluttered the headlines ? the war on obesity. And a substance even more insidious, I would argue, has supplanted cocaine and heroin. The object of our current affliction is sugar.?

Is it fair to expect you can make choices in the highest interest of your emotional and physical health, or relationships, if you are ingesting regular doses of a substance that alters your physio-emotional state of consciousness??Likely not. Would you expect yourself to drive safely under the influence of alcohol?

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The solution? ?Take steps as soon as possible to kick the addiction or, at minimum, put together a conscious plan to only take sugar in quantities and conditions that ensure minimal negative impact.

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In this post, we?ll look at 3 steps to take in advance of upcoming events to protect your health, and have the energy to bring your own joy and meaning to holiday gatherings; and in the next two posts, more tips on what to do the same day, the following day and between gatherings.

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Here are the three steps:

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1. Get to?know?your brain and the neuroscience of sugar addiction.

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In his work, Dr. Mark Hyman, M.D. notes that sugar addiction is best understood as a biological condition. The ?just say no? approach has been proven not to work. A sugar or food addiction must be treated like an addiction because the behaviors arise specifically out of neurochemical reward centers in the brain that easily overwhelm willpower and choice. In other words, it?s unreasonable (and unfair) to expect to be charge of your choices under conditions when addictive substances are physiologically in control of brain and body processes.

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Dr. Lustig also writes:

?The brain?s pleasure center, called the nucleus accumbens, is essential for our survival as a species? Turn off pleasure, and you turn off the will to live? But long-term stimulation of the pleasure center drives the process of addiction? When you consume any substance of abuse, including sugar, the nucleus accumbens receives a dopamine signal, from which you experience pleasure. And so you consume more. The problem is that with prolonged exposure, the signal attenuates, gets weaker. So you have to consume more to get the same effect ? tolerance.?And if you pull back on the substance, you go into withdrawal. Tolerance and withdrawal constitute addiction.?

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Understanding how sugar destroys health by turning into a toxic fat?and that it is an addictive substance helps you get a better grip of the problem.?It will motivate you and make it easier to say no and envision your life a whole lot better without it.

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2. Understand that sugar escalates anxiety and depression, thus, stress.

Emotional problems of anxiety disorders, depression seem to increase around the holidays. , physical problems obesity, weight loss, sluggishness, fatigue , and diseases of the body such as cancer, heart and diabetes, among others are more common than ever, and so is food and sugar addiction (though rarely diagnosed).

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3. Take steps to stabilize the level of sugar in your blood.

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There are several excellent books and programs available. In a groundbreaking and timely book,?The Blood Sugar Solution: The UltraHealthy Program for Losing Weight, Preventing Disease and Feeling Great, Dr. Mark Hyman, M.D. has developed a six-week healthy living program and reveals that the secret to getting fit and trim as well as healing and prevention of diseases such as diabetes, hear, and cancer, among others, is balancing your insulin levels. He describes the seven keys to wellness-nutrition: hormones, inflammation, digestion, detoxification, energy metabolism.

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In sum, you stand a good chance of removing a lot of stress from your holiday schedule, and infusing your days with more joy and meaning instead, if you take steps in advance to:

  • Get to know your brain and the neuroscience of addiction.
  • Understand how sugar harms physical, emotional and mental health and wellbeing.
  • Get seriously engaged in a program that helps you stabilize your blood sugar (this will stop the cravings and make your job manageable).

Wouldn?t it be wonderful if your focus at holiday gathering were more on creating ?food for the soul,? such as heart-warming moments of sharing gratitude, being present, meaningfully connecting, and less on the food and drinks, thereby, kicking off a holiday season replete with more conscious moments of creating joy and empathic relationships with those who?really mean the world?to you (but perhaps like you, don?t ?know? it inside!)?

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Underline the italicized words?present?and?conscious?in the previous sentence. More on this in the next post.

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Relationship consultant, author, licensed marriage and family therapist, Dr. Athena Staik shows clients how to break free of anxiety, addictions, and other emotional blocks, to awaken radiantly healthy lives and relationships. Dr. Staik is currently in private practice in Northern VA, and writing her book, Safe Enough to Love?: Breaking Free of Addictive Love in Couple Relationships. To contact Dr. Staik for information, an appointment or workshop, visit www.drstaik.com, or visit on her Facebook fan page DrAthenaStaik

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Catch up on other posts by Athena Staik, Ph.D. (or subscribe to their feed).


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APA Reference
Staik, A. (2012). 3 Keys to Holiday Health, Joy & Meaning? (Kick Sugar Addiction, Avoid Sugar-Blues, Partner With Your Brain!) 1 of 3. Psych Central. Retrieved on November 24, 2012, from http://blogs.psychcentral.com/relationships/2012/11/key-to-more-holiday-joy-meaning-kick-sugar-addiction-avoid-sugar-blues-1-of-3/

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Source: http://blogs.psychcentral.com/relationships/2012/11/key-to-more-holiday-joy-meaning-kick-sugar-addiction-avoid-sugar-blues-1-of-3/

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What You Need To Know About The Commercial Real Estate Market ...

Unless you have a clear idea of where to begin, locating and purchasing a prime commercial property may seem almost impossible. Do some research on your own to learn about the commercial real estate market in your area.

Scrutinize any disclosures made by a real estate agent whom you intend to hire. It is important that you realize that you may be entering a dual agency transaction. Dual agency means the real estate company is representing both the seller and the buyer in a property transaction. This will mean that the agency will work with the landlord and tenant simultaneously. Dual agency must be disclosed by both parties and they need to agree to it.

Look for the opportunity to buy something big. Often, it is equally expensive to maintain either a small or large property. As a result, you are able to achieve an economy of scale.

If you?re thinking about investing in an apartment complex, consider the fact that smaller complexes can actually be more problematic than larger complexes. That?s why many professionals warn against purchasing buildings that contain fewer than 10 units. However, you need to research each property you?re interested in yourself, and determine what the best investment is for you.

Take some digital photos of your property. Make certain that the pictures show irregularities, such as holes or bad paint on walls, carpet stains, and bathtub or sink discoloration.

A borrower must be the one who orders an appraisal in a commercial real estate loan. If you don?t follow the rules, the bank will refuse to let you rely on it. So, to ensure that things are done properly, order the document yourself.

Purchasing commercial properties is more time-consuming and complex compared to the purchase of a home. Understand, however, that this additional time and effort often translates into higher returns.

If you are presented with a standard commercial lease form, do not sign it immediately. Take your time. Sometimes, a long lease contains not only standard lease clauses, but extra agreements that the real estate company sneaked into the lease without discussing with you. By carefully perusing the document, you?ll avoid potential headaches and heartaches that a commercial lease sometimes produces.

Lower the risk of default by eliminating as many things that can be labeled ?event of default? as you can prior to negotiating a commercial property lease. This lowers the chance that the person renting will fail to uphold their end of the lease. This is something that you don?t want to happen under any circumstance.

Don?t underestimate your relationship with private lenders or investors when you buy commercial real estate. The more people in your real estate network, the more likely you are to find opportunities to buy. Other investors or private lenders may tell you about investment opportunities that aren?t publicly listed or tell you before the property officially goes on the market.

Find out how your real estate agent conducts negotiations. You can ask them how much experience and training they actually have. Also be certain that they are ethical when conducting business, and good at what they do. Ask for examples of negotiations they have participated in previously. Tell them you want to know about both positive and negative experiences.

This article has a lot of suggestions to utilize when you are investing in commercial real estate. Be as informed as you can.

This article?s purpose is to offer a useful summary of More Information that serves as the basis for future study. Keep researching and finding helpful resources. You will be better at More Information if you find out all you can about it.

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Team solves birth and migration mysteries of cortex's powerful inhibitors, 'chandelier' cells

Team solves birth and migration mysteries of cortex's powerful inhibitors, 'chandelier' cells

Friday, November 23, 2012

The cerebral cortex of the human brain has been called "the crowning achievement of evolution." Ironically, it is so complex that even our greatest minds and most sophisticated science are only now beginning to understand how it organizes itself in early development, and how its many cell types function together as circuits.

A major step toward this great goal in neuroscience has been taken by a team led by Professor Z. Josh Huang, Ph.D., at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL). Today they publish research for the first time revealing the birth timing and embryonic origin of a critical class of inhibitory brain cells called chandelier cells, and tracing the specific paths they take during early development into the cerebral cortex of the mouse brain.

These temporal and spatial sequences are regarded by Huang as genetically programmed aspects of brain development, accounting for aspects of the brain that are likely identical in every member of a given species including humans. Exceptions to these stereotypical patterns include irregularities caused by gene mutations or protein malfunctions, both of which are now being identified in people with developmental disorders and neuropsychiatric illnesses.

Chandelier cells were first noticed only 40 years ago, and in the intervening years frustratingly little has been learned about them, beyond the fact that they "hang" individually among great crowds of excitatory cells in the cortex called pyramidal neurons, and that their relatively short branches make contact with these excitatory cells. Indeed, a single chandelier cell connects, or "synapses," with as many as 500 pyramidal neurons. Noting this, the great biologist Francis Crick decades ago speculated that chandelier cells exerted some kind of "veto" power over the messages being exchanged by the much more numerous excitatory cells in their vicinity.

Born in a previously undiscovered 'country'

After three years of painstaking work that has involved using new technologies to identify and trace neural cell progenitors in ways not previously possible, and to track them as they migrate to positions in the maturing cortex, Huang and colleagues, including Dr. Hiroki Taniguchi now at the Max Planck Florida Institute, have demonstrated that chandelier cells are born in a previously unrecognized portion of the embryonic brain, which they have named the VGZ (ventral germinal zone).

Huang, who has been on a decade-long quest to develop means of learning much more about the cortex's inhibitory cells (sometimes called "interneurons"), points out that while they are far less numerous than the excitatory pyramidal cells all around them, cells including chandelier cells that inhibit or modulate excitatory-cell messages play an indispensable role in balancing message flow and ultimately in determining the functional organization of excitatory neurons into meaningful groups.

This is all the more intriguing in the case of chandelier cells, Huang explains, because of their distinctive anatomy: one cell that can regulate the messages of 500 others in its vicinity is one that we need to know about if we want to understand how brain circuits work. Unlike other inhibitory cells, chandelier cells are known to connect with excitatory cells at one particular anatomical location, of great significance: a place called the axon initial segment (AIS) ? the spot where a "broadcasting" pyramidal cell generates its transmittable message. To be able to interdict 500 "broadcasters" at this point renders a single chandelier cell a very important player in message propagation and coordination within its locality.

Because of the strategic importance of such cells throughout the cortex, it has been a source of frustration to neuroscientists that they (and other inhibitory cells) have been difficult to classify. Huang has pursued a strategy of following them from their places of birth in the emerging cortex.

Many inhibitory cells come from a large incubator area called the MGE (medial ganglionic eminence); until now, it was not known that most chandelier cells are not born there, and indeed do not emerge until after the MGE has disappeared. Only at this point does the much smaller VGZ form, providing a place where neural precursor cells specifically give rise to chandelier cells.

The team learned that manufacture of a protein encoded by a gene called Nkx2.1 is among the signals marking the birth of a chandelier cell. The gene's action, they found, is also necessary to make the cells. Nkx2.1is a transcription factor, whose expression has previously been linked to the birth of other inhibitory neuronal types. Huang's team observes that it is the timing of Nkx2.1's expression in certain precursors -- following disappearance of the MGE and appearance of the VGZ -- that enabled them to track the birth, specifically, of chandelier cells.

Highly specific migration route and cortical destinations

"In addition to being surprised to discover that chandelier cells are born 'late'?after other inhibitory cells ? in a part of the cortex we didn't know about," says Huang, "our second surprise is that once born, these cells take a very stereotyped route into the cortex and assume very specific positions, in three cortical layers." (Layers 2, 5 and 6). "This leads us to postulate that other specific cortical cell types also have specific migration routes in development."

As Huang points out, his team's new discoveries about chandelier cells have implications for disease research, since it is known that the number and connective density of chandelier cells is diminished in schizophrenia. Associations of the same type have recently been made in epilepsy.

"To know the identity of a cell type in the cortex is in effect to know the intrinsic program that distinguishes it from other cell types. In the broadest terms, we are learning about those aspects of the brain development that make us human. 'Nurture,' or experience, also has a very important role in brain development. Our work helps clarify the 'nature' part of the nature/nurture mystery that has always fascinated us," Huang says.

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"The spatial and temporal origin of chandelier cells in mouse cortex" appears online ahead of print November 22, 2012 in Science Express.

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory: http://www.cshl.org

Thanks to Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory for this article.

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Silence of the Lambs: OOC

Silence of the Lambs

A majorly interactive story that focuses on the investigation and pursuit of a serial killer that has taken advantage of the quarantine due to a plague outbreak, turning the town in a killing playground what will these few individuals do to keep peace?

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Welcome to the Silence of the Lamb OOC!
As you might of assumed by the images, this is kinda a horror, mystery kinda didn't plan for it to turn out this way but it did. This story will focus on a lot of investigation, intuition, and thinking outside the box. Now that's been said I must put out there that this will be mature story due to my sick mind, sorry ahead of time. Well, that being said...

Hello, name's Toxica. =]

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PressNewsRoom ? Blog Archive ? Fitness and Nutrition Expert Dr ...

Dr. Rick Kattouf II was recently featured as the focus of the TV show, ?Health and Wellness Today?. The show was seen on NBC, CBS, ABC and FOX network affiliates around the country.

Greenville, SC ? November 21, 2012 ? Dr. Rick Kattouf II, the creator of 5-Round Fury? Nutrition Supplement and the creator of 5-Round Fury Fitness? workout app., was recently featured as an expert guest on the TV show ?Health and Wellness Today.? The show was seen on NBC, CBS, ABC and FOX network affiliates around the country.? ?The show was filmed in Orlando, FL and was hosted by noted fitness and personal development coach John Spencer Ellis.

?Health and Wellness Today? features segments featuring some of the best health and fitness experts from across the United States.? Dr. Kattouf was a recent featured expert, discussing his ground-breaking 5-Round Fury? nutrition supplement and how he has personally coached thousands of individuals all over the world (USA-Africa-Canada-Netherlands-Sri Lanka-UK-Mexico), helping them to enhance their lives and achieve their goals through proper fitness and nutrition.

Dr. Rick Kattouf II has recently been named as one of America?s PremierExperts? in recognition of his world premier coaching service for Multi-Sport, Running, Cycling, Fitness and Nutrition. Rick is the CEO/Founder of TeamKattouf, Inc. & CEO/Founder of TeamKattouf Nutrition, LLC. Kattouf is also the author of Forever Fit: The Easy-to-Follow, Step-by-Step Life Plan to Improve Your Body and Mind and also wrote a chapter in Training Tips for Cyclists and Triathletes. Along with his book, he is the host of 3-DVD series, Rx Nutrition: Eating for Improved Performance in Life, Fitness, and Sport. Dr. Rick is also the creator of?TeamKattouf Nutrition Supplements.

?Health and Wellness Today? was produced by Emmy Award winning director and producer, Nick Nanton, Esq. and Emmy Nominated Producer, JW Dicks, Esq., Co-Founders of America?s PremierExperts? and The Dicks and Nanton Celebrity Branding Agency?.

For more information on Rick Kattouf, please visit?http://www.teamkattouf.com. For more information regarding 5-Round Fury, please visit?http://www.5roundfury.com.

About Dr. Rick Kattouf, II:
Rick Kattouf is the Founder of TeamKattouf, Inc. and has spent more than 20 years focusing on health, fitness, nutrition, anatomy, physiology, and human performance. Kattouf is the creator of 5-Round Fury nutrition supplement and has his own workout App, 5-Round Fury Fitness, as well. He is the author of Forever Fit: The Easy-to-Follow, Step-by-Step Life Plan to Improve Your Body and Mind and also wrote a chapter in Training Tips for Cyclists and Triathletes.

Kattouf is a NESTA Certified Food Psychology Coach, ITCA Triathlon Coach, MMA Conditioning Coach, Sports Nutrition Specialist and a Heart Rate Performance Specialist. He was also a panelist on the 2005 Inside Triathlon magazine Science of Speed Seminar and a top ranked duathlete in the United States.

Fitness & Nutrition Expert Rick Kattouf has recently been acknowledged by America?s PremierExperts? as one of the leading experts in his field. America?s PremierExperts??recognizes leading experts, across a wide array of industries, who are willing to provide information and education to consumers as a public service.

Dr. Rick Kattouf has also been named as one of the World Fitness Elite? Trainers of the Year.

Source: http://www.pressnewsroom.com/index.php/2012/11/21/fitness-and-nutrition-expert-dr-rick-kattouf-ii-featured-on-fox-on-health-and-wellness-today/

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Breakthrough 3D gesture controller opens new vistas for human ...

The smallest gesture can hide a world of meaning. A particular flick of a baton and a beseeching gesture can transform the key moment of a concert from mundane to ethereal. Alas, computers are seriously handicapped in understanding human gestural language, both in software and hardware. In particular, finding a method for describing gestures presented to a computer as input data for further processing has proven a difficult problem. In response, Microchip Technologies has developed the world's first 3D gesture recognition chip that senses the gesture without contact, through its effect on electric fields.

Why are normal human gestures so difficult to translate into a form suitable for computers? The meaning of a gesture is not a simple hand position or path of motion, but a gestalt ? a approximate summary of the entire gesture. It is a task nearly defying description to decipher the intended meaning of a gesture from data acquired by tracking the movement of every portion of each finger and joint of the hand and wrist. This is one of the main reasons that, despite at least 30 years of effort, artistry has consistently eluded any computer-based orchestra controlled by a human conductor. Despite this, gesture controlr emains an active area of development, because of the enormous market that awaits a practical system.

The MGC3130 chip in a 5x5mm package, resting on a fingertip

Microchip Technologies has recently unveiled their GestIC technology as implemented in the soon-to-be-available MGC3130 chip, an outgrowth of an earlier technology. When used as a 3D digitizer, the MGC3130 resolves position within a 15 cm (6 in) cube at a remarkable resolution of 150 dpi. (Yes, that's vertical resolution as well as in the plane, meaning that roughly a billion voxels (3D pixels) can be distinguished within the scanning volume.) The sampling rate is 200 measurements per second, allowing the GestIC technology to follow quick adjustments of hand and finger positions, velocities, and accelerations.

The MGC3130 enables a new approach to the problem of human-machine interfacing (HIM), recognizing gestures by measuring the changes in an electric field as the gesture is made. When gestures are sensed via their effect on electric fields, the step of precisely measuring hundreds of positions for each millisecond of a gesture and converting that data into a concise description of a gesture is no longer needed. Instead, a vastly simpler procedure can be adopted. The output of an electric field-based gesture sensor is itself something of a gestalt of a gesture, which has the potential to greatly simplify the interpretation of gestures.

The electric field lines produced by the GestIC technology electrodes in the absence of any perturbing influence

GestIC technology detects gestures through the changes which appear in a circumambient electric field. The chip generates an excitation voltage having a frequency around 100 kHz. The excitation voltage is applied between the transmitter electrode and a ground plane (in commercial practice, the function of the ground plane will be taken by the device using GestIC technology). This sets up an electric field that extends from the transmitter electrode into the scanning region above the electrodes. As the wavelength of the excitation voltage is far larger than the size of the electrodes, the electric field is quite uniform through out the scanning region.

The same electric field adjusts to the presence of a hand

When a user reaches into the scanning area, the electric field changes in response. Electric field lines must approach a conducting body perpendicular to the surface of that body. This is shown in the image above, where the field lines which pass near the hand are shunted to ground through the conductivity of the human body itself. (The person operating the device must be grounded to the ground plane.) The position of the hand within the sensing volume causes a compression of the equipotential lines and reduces electrode signal levels.

Block diagram of the MGC3130 chip driving a set of sensing electrodes

Instead of producing a scanned map of points on the surface of the hand, however, the MGC3130 measures a small number of analog voltages ? the five voltage differences between the various electrodes and the ground plane. This analog data provides a highly compressed signature of the gesture. It can't be used to uniquely model the position of the hand, as there is not enough redundancy in the data. Despite this, this data can be used to accurately identify gestures.

A given gesture always produces the same signature, and gestures close to the given gesture will produce similar signatures, as will the same gesture being presented by a user with a larger or smaller hand. (This is equivalent to saying that mapping electric field gesture detection onto actual gestures is mathematically a continuous function.) As the system is now dealing with tens of bits of data instead of thousands of bits of data, the job of recognizing patterns associated with particular types of gestures becomes far easier, in analogy to the image preprocessing which occurs in the retina before the processed data is presented to the visual cortex.

Electrode geometry for Microchip's GestIC gesture recognition technology

Imagine that a user places their hand in the sensing volume, and then curls their thumb and forefinger together in an "A-OK" gesture. The GestIC sensor produces five voltages which are characteristic of that gesture. It doesn't know or care (speaking anthropomorphically) that the thumb and forefinger are touching and the other three fingers are splayed outward. Neither can a computer determine the position of the hand by analysis of the five voltages: the detailed position information is simply not in that data.

Instead, the sensor's MPU says to itself "the voltages swooped about pretty quickly with time and then settled down into a new pattern. I guess this is a new gesture. Let's compare the sizes of the present voltages with a bunch of patterns of standard gestures in my memory. Hmmmm. These voltages seem to match pretty well with a slightly rotated "A-OK" gesture ? at least, better than anything else in my recognition patterns. Don't know what that means, but I'll send my decision over to be used as input data by the rest of the program."

The operational software that emulates this inner dialog is part of the Colibri software suite that supports the chip. Comparison and recognition of input patterns is carried out by a stochastic Hidden Markov model analysis that is preprogrammed with a reliable set of standard 3D hand and finger gestures (no, not that one) that can be easily employed in their products. Examples include position tracking (essentially digitizing the position of a fingertip), flick, circle, and symbol gestures, and many more. A system can also be activated from a standby condition by a stylized gesture. The Colibri suite allows developers to rapidly and inexpensively incorporate GestIC technology into products, as the programming for a basic human-machine interface has been provided.

At present, the MGC3130 chip will be supplied in the 28 lead 5x5-mm QFN form factor. The frequency of the electric field is variable between 70 and 130 kHz, and the firmware on the 3130 chip enables frequency hopping to substantially eliminate RF interference. The power requirements are very small, about 100 milliwatts while actively detecting and processing gestures, about 150 microwatts in standby mode, and about 30 microwatts in a deep sleep mode. Both an MPU processor and a firmware version of the Colibri software suite are integrated on the one chip.

Sample circuitry for an operational 3D gesture recognition system built around the MGC3130 chip

Only a set of electrodes and eleven discrete electronic components are required for full operation of a GestIC system. This circuitry is provided in Microchip?s Sabrewing MGC3130 Single Zone Evaluation Kit. The Sabrewing comes with selectable 5" or 7" electrodes and the AUREA Graphical User Interface, which allows designers to easily match their system commands to Microchip?s Colibri Suite (also included). The evalutation kit costs US$169.

Let's imagine an application perhaps two generations down this development path. In front of you appears a somewhat larger set of electrodes. The transmitter electrode delivers an electric field of two different frequencies, while your right and left arms are connected to the ground plane through filters. In this way, gestures of your right hand can be separated from gestures of your left hand. The application is a 3D sculpturing program, in which virtual clay is formed by the motions of your hands and fingers. The virtual clay could be spinning for throwing pots, or fixed for more traditional sculpture. Once you obtained a pleasing sculpture, the program would send the description to a 3D printer or CAM system to fix it in the sculpting material of your choice.

Such machines might be available not only for professional sculpture, but at a suitable price point might be used to encourage artistic talent and imagination in children. Who knows, perhaps even artists of other species (elephants, apes, etc.) might benefit from this new technology?

The video below presents a panoramic overview of the GestIC system.

Source: Microchip Technologies

(Photo: 18percentgrey/Shutterstock)

Source: http://www.gizmag.com/electric-field-3d-motion-gesture-recognition-chip-microchip/25072/

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